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The Synod of Cashel, the Bishops of Ireland, under duress, pledge allegiance to Henry II of England →- August 1, 1166
Dermot MacMurrough, also known as Diarmait Mac Murchada, was the King of Leinster and a significant figure in Irish history, particularly known for his role in the Norman invasion of Ireland. His reign and actions had profound consequences for the future of Ireland.
Background
- King of Leinster: Dermot MacMurrough became the King of Leinster in 1126. He was a powerful and ambitious ruler, known for his determination to expand his territory and influence within Ireland.
- Alliance with Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn: Dermot was an ally of Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn, the High King of Ireland, who was one of the most powerful kings during that period. This alliance helped Dermot maintain his power for a time.
Defeat and Exile
- Conflict with Rory O’Connor: Rory O’Connor, or Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair, was another powerful Irish king and a rival of both MacMurrough and Mac Lochlainn. In 1166, Rory O’Connor became the High King of Ireland and turned his attention to weakening his rivals, including Dermot.
- Battle and Defeat: Dermot MacMurrough was defeated in battle by Rory O’Connor. This defeat was a significant blow to MacMurrough’s power and status. The battle was part of a broader conflict between the various Irish kings, each vying for dominance in a fragmented Ireland.
- Forced to Flee: After his defeat, Dermot was forced to flee from Ireland. His expulsion from the country marked a critical turning point in his life and in Irish history.
Exile and Return with Norman Assistance
- Seeking Help from the Normans: In exile, Dermot sought assistance from King Henry II of England. He promised to swear fealty to Henry and to grant land in Ireland in exchange for military support to reclaim his kingdom.
- The Norman Invasion: In 1169, with the backing of Norman knights, most notably Richard de Clare (known as Strongbow), Dermot returned to Ireland. The Norman invasion that followed was a pivotal moment in Irish history, leading to centuries of English involvement in Irish affairs.
Legacy
- Impact on Ireland: Dermot MacMurrough’s decision to invite the Normans to Ireland had long-lasting consequences, effectively starting the process of English colonization of Ireland. His actions are often seen as a betrayal by later generations of Irish nationalists.
- Historical Reputation: Dermot’s reputation is complex. While some view him as a shrewd and desperate ruler trying to regain his throne, others see him as a traitor who opened the door to foreign domination.
Dermot MacMurrough’s defeat and subsequent actions set the stage for the Norman invasion of Ireland, which profoundly altered the course of Irish history.